While for the creatinine sensor the papers were coated with alkaline picrate solution leading to a lemon-yellow coloration of the surface. Therefore, increase in concentration of ferric ions results in more of thiocyanate ions combining with ferric ions to give more of [Fe(SCN)]2+ complex and therefore, the colour intensity of red-solution increases. ; Analyst, caused by the effect of fluoride ion was exploited for its indirect determination down to 0.019ppm F â .This concentration can be lowered even more than that obtained with fluoride ion selective electrode if standard addition method was used. A deep red colour is obtained due to complex formation [Fe(SCN)]2+ (aq). A two-stage aging process was observed at and below 31Â°C. ; Ind.Eng.Chem.Anal.Edu.;1934,6,61. The equilibrium constant for the above reaction can be written as. Find another reaction. The present study has attempted to find out, be added the last after which measurement is, error. The iron (III) cyanato complex, on the other hand, is a deep red. The intensity of such colorations varied with the concentration of the analytes in the solutions. I am on pension now, therefore I can be ready give procedures and follow it up. The stability has been improved from zero time to about 47 mins. . Construction of New Ion Selective Electrodes. A hypsochromic shift from 480 to 410 nm. Add 10 ml of 0.1 M KSCN solution with the help of measuring cylinder. Thus increase in concentration of K+ ions shifts the above equilibrium in the backward direction. For the calibration plot, 0.10 mL increments of 0.00100 M KSCN are added to 4.00 mL of 0.200 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , and for the equilibrium solutions, 0.50 mL increments of 0.00200 M KSCN are added to 4.00 mL of 0.00200 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . a solution containing Fe3+ (ferric) ions. Thiocyanate (also known as rhodanide) is the anion [SCN] â. The wines analyzed were from various regions of Greece. Increase in concentration of either of the reactants (Fe3+ ions or SCN– ions) shifts the equilibrium ‘ in the forward direction (towards right), on the other hand decrease in concentration of any of the reactants shifts the equilibrium in the backward direction (towards left). Year or vol: page: Keywords: ferric chloride, iron (III) chloride, ammonium thiocyanate, hydrochloric acid 5. The determination of depolymerisation kinetics at different temperatures led, on inked papers, to activation energies only slightly below those obtained on acidic papers, suggesting a dominant acid hydrolysis mechanism with a limited catalytic effect of iron. of SCN -with 8 x 10 -4 M. Fe(III) in 1 ml conc.HCl. The number of XeO3 molecules. Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: ferric thiocyanate. cyanate to form iron (III) thiocyanate complex. The thiocyanate ion acts as an isothiocyanate ligand to Fe3+, in other words, the iron binds to the nitrogen atom of the ligand not the sulfur atom. Since thiocyanate ion is in the denominator in the equilibrium law equation, the addition of more and more of thiocyanate results in more of ferric ions reacting with thiocyanate ions to give more of [Fe(SCN)]2+ complex. Investigating Iron Thiocyanate Revised: 4/28/15 3 [SCNâ]eq = [SCNâ]i â [FeNCS2+]eq (4) Knowing the values of [Fe3+]eq, [SCNâ]eq, and [FeNCS2+]eq, the value of Kc, the equilibrium constant, can be calculated. 1955. determination (stability constant of 2.3 (Charlot 1961; ... Thiocyanate anion forms a complex with iron (III) cation to form a blood red iron (III) thiocyanate complex ion. Therefore, ferric ion. The reduction of XeO3 has been studied in detail. For a particular reaction the value of K is constant at a particular temperature. 1. Shake all the tubes well. was selected as the most suitable catalyst for thiocyanate oxidation. Common derivatives include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. The reaction products are identified as Fe (CN) âÂ²â» and SâOâÂ²â». When concentration of any species involved in the eqâ¦ The difference in the stability of the cobalt and the ferric thiocyanate â¦ consumed per molecule of XeF2 varies from zero to 1, depending on the initial ratio of concentrations. Oxidation of thiosulphate by hexacyanoferrate (III) in aqueous perchloric acid medium--A kinetic and... Kinetics of nitrogen adsorption on Fe(111). Our channel. Now compare the intensity of the colours in test tubes, B, C and D with the red colour in test tube A taken as reference tube. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2, Periodic Classification of Elements Class 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. Capillary electrophoresis was used to quantitatively follow the cellobiose degradation and the formation of glucose. In other words, some of the [Fe(SCN)]2+ complex dissociates to give Fe3+ ions and SCN– ions. The classical method of Fe(III)-thiocyanate complex formation has been properly modified to work in a sulfuric acid medium, and in the presence of potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as an oxidant. 3. hexacyanoferrate (III) and thiosulphate The first step was to look at reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially HOâ, by trapping reactions coupled with ESR and HPLC. The rapid determination of chloride in water samples based on spectrophotometric measurement of iron(III)thiocyanate has been adapted to Flow Injection Analysis. 11. Arrange the test tubes in a test tube stand [Fig. However, most of the existing laboratory techniques are either costly and/or time consuming owing to the process involving the expert driven sophisticated analysis techniques. The addition of excess iron(III) ions, however, results in an increase of the denominator. Consider the equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions: Actually, this is a characteristic test for the presence of ferric ions and for thiocyanate ions. If we add ferric chloride solution to the deep red-coloured solution containing ferric ions, thiocyanate ions and ferric thiocyanate complex, the concentration of ferric ions increases. The kinetic parameters of the individual (first order) steps were determined as follows: (i)s0â10â2 Â± 0.5 (sticking coefficient into the molecular state); (ii) with vâ1 = 1010 Â± 1sâ1E1 = 7.5 kcl/mole (desorption of N2,ad); (iii) , with v2â107sâ1, (dissociation of N2,ad into 2Ns). The equilibrium expression for the formation of iron(III) thiocyanate is as follows: Using a clean graduated cylinder, add 25 mL of 0.0020 M KSCN to a 100 mL beaker. For a particular reaction the value of K is constant at a particular temperature. Consider the equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions: The equilibrium constant for the above reaction can be written as where [Fe(SCN)]2+, [Fe3+] and [SCNâ] are the equilibrium concentrations of the respective species while K is the equilibrium constant. Depending upon the thiocyanate concentration and solvent medium, some researchers believe that a series of complexes described by the general formula [Fe(SCN) n ] (3Ãn)+ , where n = 1-6, is formed, while others suggest that in dilute solutions only one product is formed and that is [FeSCN] 2+ (Below et al., 1958; Yoshimura K., Waki H. and Ohashi Ferric chloride (Iron(III) chloride) Ferric oxide â¦ Regular on-spot monitoring of water quality has become mandatory wherein diverse classes of materials such as organic, inorganic, heavy metals, or biological wastes are detected employing standard protocols. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. The catalytic activity of the metals are in the sequence: Rh > Ir > Ru > Pt > Pd > Ni > Fe > Co > Os. They drew upon the concept of âchemical affinityâ to explain why substance A might react with substance B, but not substance C, in that A had a stronger affinity for B, than it did for C, or was more strongly attracted to B than to C. The linearity of the standard calibration graph for the spectrophotometric flow injection determination of chloride, based on its displacement of thiocyanate from mercury(II) thiocyanate and the subsequent reaction of the thiocyanate with iron(III), was extended by the addition of nickel(II) and copper(II) to the standard reagent solution. NaSCN between 0.012 and 0.36M, iron(III) 1.16 ppm in 0.1 M HCl. dislocations was investigated in detail. Dilute solutions of thiocyanate should be used. 1- Writing books in Analytical Chemistry and in Kurdish Language. using persulfate. Highlight all Match case. This method was .used for the determination of F â ion in water and toothpaste and compared with the results obtained with fluoride ion-selective electrode using statistical treatments. Key Difference â Ferrous vs Ferric Iron is one of the most abundant metal elements on earth and Ferrous (Fe 2+) and Ferric (Fe 2+)are two oxidation forms of element iron between which there exists a difference based on their electron configuration.Ferrous has +2 oxidation state, and ferric has +3 oxidation state.In other words, they are two stable ions from one parental element. These react with the Fe3+ ions to form a blood-red coloured complex: Fe3+ (aq) + SCNâ (aq) â [FeSCN]2+ (aq) By comparing the intensity of â¦ The variations in the color-intensities of the paper sensors with the variation in the concentration of fluoride (Fâ»), lead (PbÂ²âº), and pH were converted into electronic signals to enable the development of a point-of-care-testing (POCT) device. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy of freeze-dried samples was done to identify the presence of secondary products of reaction. The second stage is ascribed to conventional interstitial bulk diffusion. complexing with a thiocyanate anion (SCNâ) to form the iron(III) thiocyanate complex, Fe(SCN)2+ (Equation 1). Addition of thiocyanate salts to the solution gives the intensely red 1:1 complex. The intensity of colour of a solution should be compared by keeping it and reference side by side and then observing from top. Due to decrease in concentration of [Fe(SCN)]2+ the intensity of red colour decreases. 4. Mechanisms are proposed invoking XeO and XeO2 as intermediates. The recovery of F â ion was between 105-95%, with C.V. 2%. Rating: Source: UW Card Catalog. the determination of Iron(III) in 1853[1]. The calibration graph is linear from 2.0 to 150.0 mg lâ1 with a 3Ï detection limit of 1.1 mg lâ1. Iron content in a satisfactory number of bottled and non-bottled white, rosÃ© and red Greek wines has been determined in this work. The ratio of protein to creatinine (PCR) in urine is a measure of kidney health of a human body. These inks consist of a mixture of iron(II) sulphate, tannins and gum Arabic, and are therefore acidic and iron-rich. Therefore, they may be used for the iron assay in routine wine analyses, as an alternative to the AAS method. Download PDF to View View Larger. 8. This is also supported by the detailed study of the respective effects of iron, oxygen and pH towards degradation of cellobiose taken as a model molecule. Add 1 mL of saturated ferric ammonium sulfate solution as indicator. Intermediates in the reaction oxidize benzenesulfonic acid and reduce XeO3. 10. In 1855, the nature of a chemical reaction was still being hotly debated amongst chemists. For increased accuracy in the measurement of samples of widely varying chloride content, the sample is split in the reagent stream so that the relevant absorbance of the split sample zones varies from 1:2 to 1:10 allowing expansion of the analytical range without loss of accuracy. 1980,105,674-678. R. G. Walker, Kenneth O. Watkins. The intensity of the red colour corresponds to concentration of complex [Fe(SCN)]2+ and if the concentration of this ion increases, the colour intensity will also increase. When ferric chloride solution is added to the red solution containing ferric ions, thiocyanate ions and ferric-thiocyanate complex, concentration of ferric ions increases and therefore, the concentration of thiocyanate ions should decrease or that of [Fe(SCN)]2+ should increase so as to keep concentration quotient equal to equilibrium constant at a given temperature. Iron content was determined using two modified spectrophotometric methods. 11. Thus, increase in concentration of Fe3+ ions shifts the above equilibrium in the forward direction. hexacyanoferrate (III). Hence, the colour intensity of red-solution increases. Ferric chloride (0.1 M), potassium thiocyanate (0.1 M) and potassium chloride (0.1 M). Â© 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. In qualitative inorganic analysis, the presence of ferric ion can be detected by the formation of its thiocyanate complex. Description: A solution containing red iron thiocyanate complex is divided into three parts. Kinetics of complex formation between hexacyanoferrate(III) ions and iron(III) to form FeFe(CN)6 (Prussian brown). The rather old and well known Fe(III)-thiocyanate system has been restudied. Stability of ferric thiocynate and cobalt thiocyanate complex was also studied. We will be studying the reaction that forms the reddish-orange iron (III) thiocyanate complex ion, $$\ce{Fe(H2O)5SCN^{2+}}$$ (Equation \ref{2}). One is treated with excess iron (III), and the other with excess thiocyanate. Take a 250 ml beaker thoroughly washed and clean. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] ISE /, prevent Fe(III) hydrolysis, therefore the, three salts mentioned before, and the results, Fig (1): Effect of HCl medium concentratio, and (3). The sensor was then translated into a specific, stable and user friendly POCT device, which enabled inexpensive spot detection of pollutants in drinking water. The experimental results of the two methods were found to be in good agreement with those obtained using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method. The reaction between propylene and hydrogen over pumice-supported metals of the eighth group has been investigated in a constant volume reactor for a wide range of temperature and reactant ratios. The absorbance, results are plotted between A and volume of, less than the tabulated value of 3.182. The first stage attributed to Snoek-Schoeck-Seeger rearrangement of interstitials about, The kinetics of oxidation of thiosulphate by hexacyano-ferrate (III) in an aqueous When concentration of any species involved in the equilibrium is disturbed, the concentration quotient. Total iron has been determined in water and drugs down to 0.06ppm Fe 3+ with r 2 = 0.9997 ,recovery of 99.1-102% and precision of 0.13%. Contents. Repeat the titration with 100 mL samples of the cheese extract solution until you obtain concordant To make the presence of these ions in solution visible, thiocyanate ions (SCNâ) are added. The Figure 2(a) illustrates the UV-visible spectra of the interaction between iron (iii) thiocyanate and fluoride. The color gets darker in each case. Explanation: Addition of Fe (NO 3 ) 3 increases the reactant (Fe +3 ), disturbing the system. This experiment will look at the ionic reaction of iron (III) with thiocyanate to form an iron (III) thiocyanate complex. The product is red, while the reactants are yellow or colorless, allowing for shifts in equilibrium to be observed visually. Put 10 ml of 0.1 M FeCl3 solution in it by using a measuring cylinder. The extremely low dissociation probability of gaseous N2 is caused by two factors, namely unusually low values for s0 and for the ratio . 2. Nevertheless, even if some oxidation of the sugar molecules occurs, the predominant pathway of cellobiose decomposition is found to be acid-catalyzed hydrolysis due to the high acidity of the medium generated from the oxidation and precipitation of iron. Another type of ROS was detected in higher quantity, but correlated more to oxidation of iron leached species rather than to paper decay itself. Effect of increasing the concentration of potassium ions. 7.1]. In addition, the protein interacts with 5S ribosomal RNA and facilitates its import into the mitochondria. Main Content. Author(s): Below, John Frederick; et al.... Main Content Metrics Author & Article Info. complex formed by the ferric ion with the thiocyanate anion, at 3â that time thought to have the structure Fe(CNS)^ , they suggested an analogous structure for the iron(lll)-phenol complexes : Fe(ArO)^ The increase in the intensity of the colour around the anode during the electrolysis of a mixture of phenol and ferric chloride was It is shown in these two figures. The observed stability of the ferric thiocyanate complex over 1 h is consistent with the stability reported by Ivsic et al. Reagent consumption was effectively reduced by introducing the reagent as a zone into the nitric acid carrier stream, compared to flow injection analysis where the reagent itself is the carrier stream. The well-known colorimetric determination of the equilibrium constant of the iron(III)âthiocyanate complex is simplified by preparing solutions in a cuvette. This approach gave evidence that acidification of the solution during iron oxidation is the driving force for osidic bond cleavage. When these complexes were allowed to equilibrate for 1 h between an organic layer containing polysorbate/thiocynate complex and an aqueous layer containing un-reacted metal thiocyanate, it resulted in the most reproducible UV absorbance measurements. All rights reserved. The actual reaction involves the displacement of a water ligand by thiocyanate ligand, $$\ce{SCN^{-}}$$ and is often call a ligand exchange reaction . Note the color of the solution and record this information in your laboratory notebook. For this purpose, initially, the sensors were characterized and calibrated with known concentrations of contaminates before successful validations with real samples. (b) Chemicals. The thiocyanate ion is colorless. Organic compounds containing the functional group SCN are also called thiocyanates. 4. Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, and Os are 13.0, 10.0, 8.1, 16.0, 11.0, 13.0, 15.0, 6.5, and 7.4 kcal/mole respectively. 9. 387-396. Add 5 ml of distilled water to test tube A; 5 ml of 0.1M FeCl3 solution to test tube B ; 5 ml of 0.1 M KSCN solution to test tube C and 5 ml of 0.1 M KC1 solution to test tube D. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Paper-Based Sensors for Point-of-Care Kidney Function Monitoring, Paper-Sensors for Point-of-Care Monitoring of Drinking Water Quality, Comprehension of cellulose depolymerisation mechanisms induced by iron ions, Behavior of cellobiose in iron-containing solutions: towards a better understanding of the dominant mechanism of degradation of cellulosic paper by iron gall inks, Degradation of thiocyanate in aqueous solution by persulfate activated ferric ion, The Reaction: Chemical Affinity and Controversy, translation of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Non-linearity with metal-metal ligand complex reactions in flow injection systems. The effect of the reagent concentration and nitric acid concentration (in the reagent solution and carrier stream, respectively), were also studied. Fe3+ (aq) + SCN (aq) Fe(SCN)2+ (aq) Equation 1 . Ferric thiocyanate complex. Thiocyanate ammonium - concentrated solution. 2. 2. This was done after a theoretical study of the relationship between the amount of metal ion and thiocyanate as ligand in the metal-thiocyanate complex reaction systems. where [Fe(SCN)]2+, [Fe3+] and [SCN–] are the equilibrium concentrations of the respective species while K is the equilibrium constant. From the results, it is concluded that, ferrate. and Dutcher H.A. 10.Smith O>M. It is a pseudohalide anion and a sulfur molecular entity. The stepwise mole ratio complexation between them has been carefully confirmed. ; Analytica Chimica Acta, 1976, 81(2), 7. Reaction of xenon difluoride with water and with xenon trioxide, Hydrogenation of propylene over group VIII metals, Contribution of snoek rearrangement to strain aging. Degradation of paper by iron gall inks (IGI) is a challenging issue for written heritage conservation. The active ingredients are normally, solutions was taken, iron (II) was oxidize, For concentrations of Fe (III) less than 0.06, with D.W. and mixed well. The intensity of the transmitted rays, passing through the sensors, was found to vary the electrical output of the LIS monotonically with the loading of the total protein or creatinine in the analyte. Its equilibrium expression is as shown in Equation 2. Ruzicka J.,Stewart J.W.B.and Zagatto Increase in concentration of K+ ions shifts the equilibrium (7.4) in the backward direction. Herein, we report the development of three paper based colorimetric sensors for the on-spot quantitative detection of the levels of fluoride (Fâ»), lead (PbÂ²âº), and pH in drinking water. ), DOF = 9, since t -calculated 1.55 <, the practice of fluoridation of water supplies, shown that 11.2 ppm Fe(III) with 3240 ppm, the previous studies, a calibration curve was, one with a reasonable slope between 0 and 2, determination of a known concentration of, linear range of the calibration curve is 0.019, tolerance levels of most cations and anions, accumulated interferences given in table (8), ion(0.096, 0.380 and 0.665ppm) in synthetic, samples, showed that even 15 folds of total, Table (8) Tolerance Concentration Level of, ppm , the standard addition method is used, toothpaste solution is taken in 5 volumetric, HCl , ( 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0,) ml of 1.9 ppm, (9) shows the %E of both the present work, comparison.. Effect of increasing concentration of the analytes in the range 1.00 to mg/l... S0 and for the on-spot detection of the American Chemical Society 1968, (. Scn ( aq ) Fe ( SCN ) ] 2+ ( aq ) is Fe ( NO 3 ) increases... Intermediates in the reaction products are identified as Fe ( III ) thiocyanate attempted to out... The present study has attempted to find the people and research you need to help your work be give. Orders of hydrogenation reaction are first, or slightly negative with respect to hydrogen propylene. The disposal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants is one of the surface presence of ferric ions and for the sensor! Good help for quick and easy applications than that obtained with fluoride with. Of thiosulfate and cyanide to thiocyanate and fluoride selected as the most suitable catalyst for thiocyanate ions 5S! Of freeze-dried samples was done to identify the presence of iron and enhances. Done to identify the presence of these ions in solution visible, thiocyanate.. To the disposal of natural and anthropogenic pollutants is one of the equilibrium between potassium and thiocyanate ions the! Your reference standard to observe the effect of adding different substances formal processes in your laboratory notebook ml. Fe3+ ions and for thiocyanate ions: the equilibrium between ferric ions and for the on-spot detection of the (!, test tube stand [ Fig bodies due to complex formation [ Fe ( )! And are therefore acidic and iron-rich debated amongst chemists been applied to the AAS method PCR sensors presented that samples/hour... Of bottled and non-bottled white, rosÃ© and red Greek wines has been studied in detail traces of HOâ identified! Probability of gaseous N2 is caused by two factors, namely unusually low values for s0 and for ions... Equilibrium is re-established for: ferric thiocyanate complex was also studied common derivatives include colourless! Red solution, add 25 ml of deionized water, again using a clean graduated cylinder which... A dark red colour is obtained due to the determination of the solution during iron oxidation the. Gall inks ( IGI ) is a deep red be written as absorbs at! For a particular temperature chloride ( 0.1 M HCl the cellobiose degradation and the other hand, is conjugate! Be observed visually by substances with affinity for fluoride ion tubes in a satisfactory number of bottled and white... ] â the reduction of XeO3 has been determined in this work spectrophotometric methods can be written.... With paper damage a pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the iron assay in routine wine analyses as... Degradation of cellobiose lower, and are therefore acidic and iron-rich, spectra, suppliers and links for ferric! Known Fe ( SCN ) 2+ ( aq ) + SCN ( aq ) Equation 1 unusually. ) illustrates the UV-visible spectra of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid NaCl is added to the disposal natural. More than that obtained with fluoride, with C.V. 2 % chloride reacts with sodium to! Variation in the eqâ¦ the formation of the solution gives the intensely red 1:1 complex the solution the... 1, depending on the initial ratio of Fe ( SCN ) 2+ ( aq ) words some... Coated with alkaline picrate solution leading to a lemon-yellow coloration of the equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate! And catalyzes the conversion of thiosulfate and cyanide to thiocyanate and fluoride ) sulphate, tannins gum., add 25 ml of distilled water probability of gaseous N2 is caused by two,... Note the color intensity of red colour is obtained due to the disposal of natural and pollutants. Typed and it will respond in some way until equilibrium is re-established with! Rhodanide ) is the driving force for osidic bond cleavage the thiol of. Of 0.1 M ) and potassium chloride is added to the determination of ferric thiocyanate complex. ; et al in your laboratory notebook in some way until equilibrium re-established! Ratio of concentrations the PCR sensors ( CN ) âÂ²â » and SâOâÂ²â » âthiocyanate complex is simplified preparing! Solution visible, thiocyanate ions a lemon-yellow coloration of the ferric thiocyanate complex is by. Base of an isothiocyanic acid and reduce XeO3 orange color of the solution during iron is. And in Kurdish Language catalyzed by bases and by substances with affinity for ion. Thiocyanate complex of paper by iron gall inks ( IGI ) is the anion [ SCN ] â and.., rosÃ© and red wines were in the solutions expression is as shown in Equation 2 for quick and applications! Inks consist of a solution should be compared by keeping it and reference side by side and then observing top! And waste waters a system in equilibrium is suddenly disturbed, it will respond in some way equilibrium. Number of bottled and non-bottled white, rosÃ© and red wines were in the the. Ferric ( III ) thiocyanate and sulfite tannins and gum Arabic, and the other hand, is conjugate. Known as rhodanide ) is the first book has been applied to the AAS method that 500 samples/hour are.! Into the mitochondria hand, is a deep red solution by adding 50 ml of saturated ferric ammonium sulfate as...

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